From the journal archive. This article reflects conditions and outlook at its publication date.
Weather and crops
The outlook identifies risks from heat, drought and water stress, particularly around Odesa and Kherson, plus new pests and diseases. Storms, hail, spring frost and floods make harvests less predictable.
Market implications
Risks affect wheat, barley, corn, sunflower, potatoes, carrots and cabbage. Lower output and higher irrigation, fertilizer and protection costs could pressure supply and prices.
Global exposure
Climate losses in the US and China, food demand, trade uncertainty and export restrictions could amplify shortages and volatility.
Adaptation
Responses include drip irrigation, adapted varieties, early warnings, crop insurance, efficient equipment and resources, international cooperation and government support. These are forward-looking risks, not current market results.