From the journal archive. This article reflects conditions and outlook at its publication date.
Rapeseed
Late-August or early-September sowing depends on autumn warmth and moisture. Drought, sudden cold and early pests remain risks; adapted hybrids and precise agronomy support establishment.
Wheat
September sowing requires rooting moisture, balanced fertilizer and healthy seed, including resistance to fusarium and rust. Drought and frost threaten yields.
Barley
September–October sowing is relevant in southern and central regions. Drought tolerance helps, but severe dryness, powdery mildew and other fungi require attention.
Campaign outlook
Demand, precision agriculture and equipment, storage and infrastructure investment provide opportunities. Weather, seed/fuel/fertilizer costs, geopolitical access and crop disease remain challenges. Monitoring, protection and resource management underpin the campaign outlook.